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<LI>Many alcohol and drug treatment programs have been merged since the early 1990s</LI>
<LI>Yet a study has found that alcohol-only and alcohol-and-other-drug dependent clients appear to have different treatment needs and risk factors for developing drug…

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<LI>Alcohol targets the central nervous system to produce its effects</LI>
<LI>Researchers have for the first time used a new technique called gene array technology to analyze brain gene expression in human alcoholism</LI>
<LI>Chronic…

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<LI>Problem drinking is well known to contribute to a number of accidents and personal injuries</LI>
<LI>The association between problem drinking and workplace injuries is less well known</LI>
<LI>One study found that heavy drinkers who…

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<LI>Adolescents with alcohol problems often manifest impulsive, aggressive, and antisocial behaviors</LI>
<LI>One type of adult alcoholism (Type II) is likewise characterized by antisocial behavior, and may be linked to a decrease in function of the…

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<LI>Practically everyone experiences some degree of anxiety in his or her lives</LI>
<LI>Anxiety sensitive (AS) individuals have a fear of anxiety symptoms themselves</LI>
<LI>Many people with alcohol problems have higher AS levels than…

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<LI>Alcoholics, the heaviest of drinkers, are also the heaviest of smokers</LI>
<LI>A recent study found that nicotine is especially rewarding in smokers in recovery from alcoholism compared to smokers with no history of alcoholism</LI>
<LI…

• Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the single largest killer of U.S. males and females
• CHD is caused by partial or complete clogging of the coronary arteries that nourish the heart
• Atherosclerosis refers to the accumulation of fatty streak lesions in the coronary arteries…

• In 1994, the Food and Drug Administration approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcoholism
• It has since proven to be highly effective for many in recovery, but it does not work for everyone
• A recent study has found that individual metabolism may be a factor in…

• The first step in the metabolism of alcohol is its conversion to acetaldehyde (AcHO)
• AcHO is a highly reactive and toxic chemical that can damage the cells of all living things
• In adults, AcHO is blocked from entering the brain
• The prenatal brain may metabolize…

• The brain is a critical organ system through which alcohol’s effects can lead to intoxication, tolerance and dependence
• Scientists have found a new means to measure directly alcohol concentrations throughout the brain
• The technology is called proton (¹H)…