Recovery from substance use disorders (SUDs) is a multifaceted journey that extends beyond initial treatment. Recovery residences play a pivotal role in this continuum of care by offering safe, supportive environments where individuals can develop and sustain recovery skills. These residences vary in the level of support provided, ranging from peer-driven to clinically supervised settings, and are essential in promoting long-term recovery and wellness. In addition to providing safe and stable environments for persons coming out of residential treatment, recovery residences embrace a social model of recovery.
The Social Model of Recovery
The social model of recovery is rooted in the belief that long-term recovery is best sustained through a supportive community rather than in isolation. This approach emphasizes peer support, shared responsibility, and mutual accountability. In a recovery residence, individuals engage in daily interactions with peers who share similar experiences, fostering a sense of belonging and shared purpose. Residents support one another through shared experiences and encouragement while participating in structured programs that facilitate personal growth. Community engagement plays a crucial role, as integration with local recovery groups, employment services, and volunteer opportunities strengthens the individual’s recovery efforts. By learning and practicing essential life skills in a substance-free environment, residents are better prepared for independent living. Self-empowerment is another vital component, encouraging individuals to take ownership of their recovery journey by making informed decisions about their well-being. By emphasizing relationships and social networks, the social model of recovery helps individuals develop resilience and long-term support systems necessary for recovery.
Person-Centered Care and Trauma-Informed Approaches
Person-centered care and trauma-informed practices are essential for recovery residences to effectively support individuals. Person-centered care focuses on the individual’s unique needs, preferences, and goals. It ensures that residents have a voice in their recovery process and are treated with dignity and respect. Individualized recovery plans allow residents to collaborate with staff in setting personal recovery goals. This approach also employs a strengths-based perspective, emphasizing an individual’s capabilities rather than deficits. Additionally, flexibility in services ensures that support is adjusted to meet the evolving needs of each resident, creating a dynamic and responsive care environment.
The Four Levels of NARR Housing
The National Alliance for Recovery Residences (NARR) classifies recovery residences into four levels based on the intensity of services and structure. Level 1 housing consists of peer-run residences where individuals maintain a democratic, self-governing structure. These homes do not have paid staff, and accountability is maintained through mutual peer support. Level 2 housing introduces a monitored model, where a house manager or senior resident oversees operations while supporting the basic structure and peer-run programs. Level 3 housing includes supervised
residences with trained staff providing life skills development, clinical support access, and structured recovery programming. Finally, Level 4 residences represent service-provider housing, offering the highest level of support. These residences often include clinical treatment provided by licensed professionals and a highly structured program designed to support sustained recovery. Understanding these levels helps individuals find the appropriate recovery residence that aligns with their needs and stage in recovery.
Growing Recognition and Support for Recovery Residences
Over the years, there has been increased recognition of recovery residences. The establishment of the National Alliance for Recovery Residences (NARR) has been instrumental in setting national standards and expanding access to quality recovery housing. NARR now operates in over 30 states, with emerging affiliates in development. Additionally, the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) has formally recognized recovery residences as an essential support to clinical services, further validating their role in improving recovery outcomes.
Delaware House Bill 114: Establishing Standards for Recovery Residences
Delaware House Bill 114, also known as the "Matthew D. Klosowski Act," introduces a voluntary certification process for recovery residences to promote best practices in supporting individuals recovering from substance use disorders. Supported by the Division of Substance Abuse and Mental Health (DSAMH), the bill designates the First State Alliance of Recovery Residences (FSARR) — Delaware’s affiliate of the National Alliance for Recovery Residences (NARR) — as the approved certification entity responsible for overseeing compliance with established standards. Certified homes would be eligible for state referrals, funding, and the right to advertise as certified. The legislation safeguards residents’ rights, requires data collection on outcomes, provides staff training, and prohibits unethical practices like kickbacks and patient brokering. Passed by the House in June 2023, the bill is pending Senate consideration.
Guidelines and Best Practices
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) and NARR have recently published various guidelines and best practices for recovery residences. These resources provide a framework for residence operators to implement effective, ethical, and evidence-based practices in their facilities. Ensuring alignment with these standards enhances the quality of care provided in recovery residences, ultimately leading to better long-term recovery outcomes for individuals in need. For more information, visit the National Alliance for Recovery Residences and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
ABOUT THE AUTHOR:
Andrew Thurn is the Executive Director at First State Alliance of Recovery Residences. Andrew believes recovery is a right, not a privilege. As a person in long-term recovery, he is deeply involved in the Delaware recovery community. His career began as a Peer Specialist at the Delaware Psychiatric Center, leading to his role as Peer Services Administrator for the Division of Substance Abuse and Mental Health, where he expanded peer support programs statewide. Before joining FSARR as Executive Director, Andrew served as Behavioral Health Coordinator for Lt. Governor Bethany Hall-Long, contributing to the Behavioral Health Consortium and the Delaware Governors Challenge to reduce veteran suicide. His dedication to recovery and mental health advocacy makes him a visionary leader in the field.
